The Correct Answer was "O-V-Y"

U.S. Customs and Border Protection official: "Citizenships?"

Me: "Canadian."

Border guard: "Where you boys headed?"

Me: "UDM law school."

Border guard: "What time does class start?"

Me: [looks at dashboard clock: 8:30] "Right now."

Border guard: "Why you late?"

Me: [gestures vaguely to passenger seat] "His fault."

Paul: "It's true."

Border guard: "Your vehicle?"

Me: "Yes."

Border guard: [looks at mirror behind truck, reading license plate] "N6A ..."

Me: "1 ... 4 ... 7?"

Border guard: ...

Me: "Was I close?"

Border guard: "Nah." [waves car through anyway]

Paul: [laughter]

Some days, America is awesome.

Q: "Where Does He Get Those Wonderful Toys?"

A: Gotham City Negotiable Promissory Note

The Problem

In order to carry out his crusade against crime and injustice in Gotham City, the Batman burns through significant resources. The production of countless gadgets, not to mention the research and development behind such production, must take place somewhere. As billionaire playboy Bruce Wayne owns Wayne Enterprises, his access to a highly advanced research and development department and its attached production facilities is a convenience unparalleled throughout the greater crime-fighting community. Yet if the company’s seemingly infinite production of bat-shaped vehicles did not recoup some manner of profit, many questions would be raised at meetings of its Board of Directors, and the identity of the Dark Knight would certainly be exposed. Further, if Bruce Wayne were to commingle personal and company funds to fight his war, the corporate veil would be of little defense against curious financial investigators.

The Transaction

In order to hide his nocturnal activities, while ensuring a ready supply of batarangs and utility belts, Bruce Wayne must supplant Wayne Enterprises’ massive bat-related expenditures with his own tragedy-tainted inheritance money. To that end, he provides Wayne Enterprises CEO Lucius Fox with fifteen million dollars per year, allocated monthly and evidenced by a promissory note. Mr. Fox had his attorney draw up the particulars in order to protect himself.After all, one does not leave such things to a depressive vigilante that dresses like a bat and spends his nights punching psychotic clowns.

NEGOTIABLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$15,000,000

PLACE OF EXECUTION: GOTHAM CITY, GOTHAM DATE: NOV. 5, 2009

THIS PROMISSORY NOTE (the “Note”) is effective as of the date it is executed by Bruce Wayne (“Maker”), for the purpose of evidencing an obligation from Maker to Wayne Enterprises Inc., a Gotham corporation with its principal offices located at 500 Finger St., Gotham City (“Payee”).

1. PROMISE TO PAY. For value received and continued discretion, the undersigned, Bruce Wayne, unconditionally promises to pay Payee or order, at the accounting offices of Warren White, 360 Murphy Avenue, Gotham City, or at such other place as may be designated in writing by the Holder of this Note, the principal sum of Fifteen Million Dollars ($15,000,000) in lawful money of the United States of America, with no additional interest, costs or fees (in the event of timely payment) to be paid in the following 12 installments. The checks for all installments are to be made payable to “Warren White, Accountant for Wayne Enterprises” and are to be mailed directly to the offices of Warren White. via overnight mail. Installment payments shall be made as follows:

1. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Dec. 5, 2009.
2. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Jan. 5, 2010.
3. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Feb. 5, 2010.
4. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Mar. 5, 2010.
5. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Apr. 5, 2010.
6. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before May 5, 2010.
7. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Jun. 5, 2010.
8. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Jul. 5, 2010.
9. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Aug. 5, 2010.
10. One Million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Sept. 5, 2010.
11. One million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Oct. 5, 2010.
12. One million Two-hundred-fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,250,000.00) on or before Nov. 5, 2010.[i]

2. MANNER OF PAYMENT. All installment payments shall be made by certified check drawn on the bank account of Maker.[ii]

3. NOTICE OF NON-PAYMENT. If Maker fails to make a payment set forth above on its due date, Payee shall give Maker written notice of such nonpayment. The date of such notice shall be deemed to be the date that Payee transmits such notice by facsimile to the number set forth in Paragraph 4 below. Maker shall have Five (5) days from the date of such notice to make said payment. The date that a payment is made pursuant to such notice shall be deemed to be the date that such payment is mailed via overnight mail to the offices of Warren White.[iii]

4. NOTICE. Any notice to be provided to Maker pursuant to Paragraph 3 or any other notice to be given by Maker or Payee shall be given in writing, by facsimile and first class mail, as follows:

MAKER	PAYEE
Bruce Wayne c/o Alfred Pennyworth Wayne Manor: 1007 Mountain Dr., Gotham County Fax: 555-422-8626	Lucius Fox, CEO, Wayne Enterprises 1 Finger St., Gotham City Fax: 555-369-2315

5. OPTIONAL PREPAYMENT. This Note may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time, without premium or penalty.[iv]

6. EVENTS CONSTITUTING DEFAULT. Maker shall be immediately in default upon the occurrence of any of the following events:

(a) Maker fails to pay any amount due hereunder in full when due and Maker fails to make such payment pursuant to the five-day notice provisions of Paragraph 3 above;

(b) Maker violates or otherwise fails to perform or observe any term, covenant, or agreement contained in this Note;

(c) a receiver is appointed for all or any part of Maker’s property;

(d) Maker files or has filed against it any petition under any provision of the Bankruptcy Code, or any future bankruptcy law;

(e) default under any collateral, mortgage or security agreement given as security for this note or as security for the guaranty of payment of the obligations of the Maker hereof, or under any extension or modification thereof;

(f) Maker fails to pay any tax when due;

(g) any misrepresentation is made to the Holder hereof by the Maker for the purpose of obtaining credit or an extension of credit to the maker;

(h) sale or transfer of substantially all of Maker’s assets; or

(i) Bruce Wayne ceases to be Director of the Wayne Foundation charitable organization.[v]

7. ACCELERATION. In the event that Maker defaults under this Note, then, at the option of the Holder of this Note, the entire unpaid balance owing shall become immediately due and payable. Interest on the indebtedness evidenced by this Note after default shall be due and payable at the rate of five percent (5%) per month, or the highest rate allowable by law, computed from the day of default. Neither delay in asserting this right nor the acceptance of past due payments shall be deemed a waiver thereof.[vi]

8. DISHONORED CHECKS. In the event that any payment on this Note is made by a check that is dishonored by the drawee bank, for any reason whatsoever, there shall be added to the amount owing under this Note, the sum of Five-thousand Dollars ($5000.00) to cover banking charges, expenses related to such dishonored check, and inconvenience to the Holder of this Note.[vii]

9. WAIVERS. Maker waives presentment, protest and demand, notice of protest, dishonor and nonpayment of this Note and expressly agrees that this Note, or any payment hereunder, may be extended from time to time at the written consent of the Holder, all without in any way affecting the liability of the Maker. In any litigation with the Holder, whether or not arising out of or relating to this Note or any collateral security therefor, said parties expressly waive trial by jury, and in addition, expressly waive the right to interpose any defense based on any statute of limitations or any claim of laches and any set-off, counterclaim or cross-claim of any nature or description.[viii]

10. ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND INTEREST. If an event of default has occurred and the Holder of this Note refers it to any attorney for collection, Maker agrees to pay all costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred by the Holder of this Note in connection therewith. Interest shall accrue from the date of default at the rate of sixteen percent (16%) per annum or the maximum legal interest rate, whichever is greater.[ix]

11. CONSTRUCTION. This note shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Gotham. Any provision hereof which may prove unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity of any other provision hereof. For purposes of any action or proceeding involving this promissory note or any of the obligations of the undersigned, the undersigned hereby irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Gotham and of the United States having jurisdiction in the County of Gotham and the State of Gotham, and agrees not to raise and waives any objection to or defense based upon the jurisdiction or venue of any such court. The undersigned agrees not to bring any action or other proceeding with respect to this Note or with respect to any of its obligations hereunder in any other court unless such courts of the State of Gotham and of the United States determine that they do not have jurisdiction in the matter.[x]

12. SUCCESSORS. The terms and conditions of this Note shall be binding jointly and severally upon the successors, assigns, heirs, survivors and personal representatives of Maker and shall inure to the benefit of any Holder, its legal representatives, successors and assigns.[xi]

13. NO-DEFAULT DATES. If the due date of any payment under the schedule in Paragraph 1 falls on a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday, such payment may be made on the next business day without constituting a default in payment under this Note.[xii]

14. PRESERVATION OF HOLDER’S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. None of the foregoing shall in any way impact, limit or impair Holder’s rights and remedies in connection with the enforcement of this Note. The Holder hereof shall not by any delay, commission, failure to act or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right, power, privilege or remedy hereunder, and no waiver whatever shall be valid unless in writing signed by the Holder hereof, and then only to the extent therein set forth. No exercise of any right, power, privilege or remedy provided-for herein shall preclude any such subsequent exercise, to any degree, whether performed fully or partially. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law and may be exercised singly or concurrently.[xiii]

15. AMENDMENT. This note may not be changed or terminated orally, but only by a writing signed by the Holder hereof, and only after the Holder has been afforded a period of not less than three days in which to consult with a qualified advisor.[xiv]

Maker: Bruce Wayne

_________

[Signature]

Payee: Wayne Enterprises

_________

[Signature] By: Lucius Fox, CEO

---

[i] With noted financier Warren White controlling payments, Mr. Fox retains a level of plausible deniability as regards the nature of the funds. As the note satisfies the requirements of § 3-104(a) of the Uniform Commercial Code, it constitutes a negotiable instrument. Such a device allows the actors to sell the Note to other individuals, including other of Wayne Enterprises’ many clients (e.g., S.T.A.R. Labs, LexCorp, etc.), the better to camouflage the projects and launder the influx of funds. Using a payment schedule rather than a lump sum serves to minimize undue attention which the payments might otherwise draw, while still ensuring that sufficient capital remains available to meet the idiosyncratic and exacting specifications of the World’s Greatest Detective.

[ii] Beyond merely adding the extra security of bank-certification, requiring Bruce Wayne’s payments to be made by check rather than in cash provides an added layer of paperwork with which to ensure the billionaire’s continued cooperation, should investigators turn their attention to the activities of the Wayne Enterprises R&D division. With a long paper trail leading to Wayne Manor, and by extension to the Bat Cave, Mr. Fox also maintains a distinct advantage in any subsequent contractual negotiations.

[iii] Mr. Wayne is a busy man, prone to brief disappearances (whether away serving the Justice League of America or undercover as his Gotham underworld alter-ego, Matches Malone), and so the five day grace period exists to serve his unconventional schedule. Still, the period is relatively short, so that Mr. Fox may move quickly to cover his own assets, and those of the company, in the event of default.

[iv] In the event that the Batman’s needs exceed those funds provided for under the Paragraph 1 payment schedule, Mr. Wayne has the option of paying for the difference wherever a shortfall presents itself. This provision ensures that Mr. Fox is never forced to choose between illegally using corporate funds to fill a bat-order, on the one hand, or disappointing the scary man in the cowl, on the other.

[v] The safest way to shield Mr. Fox from the more dangerous aspects of Bruce Wayne’s double life is to ensure that a broad spectrum of activities and events are sufficient to trigger default under the Note, whereupon the Wayne Enterprises CEO may immediately move to recall the full extent of the Note’s obligations, unconditionally and without exception. Given that an alarming number of the Batman’s enemies have determined his true identity throughout the years (e.g., Dr. Thomas Elliot, Ra’s al Ghul, Dr. Hugo Strange, Edward Nigma, etc.), it is particularly advisable for Mr. Fox to regard certain events as warning signs that Bruce Wayne has in fact either been replaced by, or is under the influence of, such a dangerous individual. To that end, the occurrence of any event outlined in sections (a) through (i) of this provision should be seen to represent not only evidence of such financial difficulties as would ordinarily suggest to the prudent observer that outstanding debts should be collected, but also evidence that the Maker is not the real Bruce Wayne. In particular, if sections (h) or (i) are triggered, it may be assumed that the Maker is either under the influence of one of Jervis Tetch’s mind-control devices, or, alternatively, that Jane Doe has murdered Bruce Wayne and is wearing his skin as a disguise. The legacy of Thomas and Martha Wayne is embodied at Wayne Manor, and lives on through the charitable work of the Wayne Foundation; the real Bruce Wayne would never part with either.

[vi] Should Bruce Wayne (or, as noted, his doppelganger) default under the Note, this provision allows Mr. Fox to immediately move to recall the full extent of the Note's obligation, unconditionally and without exception. The accrual of interest on any unpaid balance thereafter increases the likelihood that Wayne Enterprises may claim a return from its investment in the Batman, without regard to the original pay schedule, even if the Dark Knight’s grip on the Gotham underworld may be in jeopardy. Putting a swift end to the contractual relationship under such circumstances serves to protect not only the corporation’s interests, but also Mr. Fox’s personal health and well-being.

[vii] In recognition of the fact that Mr. Fox's time is very valuable, this provision imposes a strict penalty for wasting that time. The CEO of Wayne Enterprises should be well-compensated for efforts expended due to the failure of an absent-minded young billionaire to maintain funds in his checking account sufficient to meet his obligations.

[viii] This provision further reinforces the negotiability of the promissory note, emphasizing that the Maker's obligations to the Holder are not subject to strict adherence to formal rules of presentment, protest, demand, or notice, but rather are absolute. The provision further waives both parties' right to elect a jury trial, in recognition of the fact that while members of the Gotham judiciary look favorably upon the efforts of the Batman, forcing Bruce Wayne to appear before a jury of his peers to justify Wayne Enterprises' massive expenditures would threaten the interests of all parties. Defenses which might be raised against a possible Holder of the Note are also waived in the interests of remaining discreet.

[ix] The natural and foreseeable consequences of Mr. Wayne's default should not fall on Mr. Fox, but rather should be borne by the billionaire.

[x] With nearly infinite resources, few concrete ties to the Gotham community, and a fleet of bat-shaped vehicles to traverse land, sea, and air, Bruce Wayne can afford to live comfortably anywhere in the world, and to do so at hardly a moment's notice. Requiring that the Maker waive venue and jurisdiction defenses ensures that the playboy may not simply pull up his local roots and evade the reach of the Gotham's judiciary whenever it pleases him to do so. It also ensures that the laws governing the contract are those well-known to Mr. Fox, rather than any number of obscure foreign edicts with which the globe-trotting Detective might be familiar.

[xi] As the Wayne Enterprises R&D division is not infallible, neither is the Batman invincible; thus, in the event of Bruce Wayne’s death, the present Note will continue in force and effect with his successors becoming responsible for the remaining debt obligation. Indeed, as it is likely that the mantle of the Batman will be taken up quickly by one of his sons, whether adoptive (Dick Grayson or Tim Drake) or biological (Damian Wayne), the need for Wayne Enterprises to continue to fund the ongoing mission of Gotham’s protector is likely to continue, and so the contractual relationship should remain place.

[xii] Just because the Caped Crusader never takes a day off doesn’t mean that Mr. Fox should have to be out double-checking the timeliness of payments on Thanksgiving.

[xiii] This provision once again reinforces the notion that the Maker's obligation to the Holder of the Note is absolute, subject to no exceptions, and dependent upon no additional event or occurrence. The provision further provides that the Holder, whether Lucius Fox or any subsequent individual, may fully exercise any rights found within the Note, or those provided by law.

[xiv] Given the efficacy of the Batman's well-known persuasive techniques, not to mention his access to manipulative technologies and chemicals, it is highly advisable that any change to the existing agreement be made in writing, and that consultation with both lawyers and accountants take place prior to any commitments being made. The Batman may adhere to a strict moral code, but good-faith contractual negotiation is not really his style.

Tranzit

Windsor Transit's slogan: "Wherever life takes you."

It's like they're recognizing that something must have gone terribly wrong to bring you to them.

We were this close to getting out of here forty minutes early, O Mister Frighteningly Pale Guy Who Day After Day Wears an Osgoode T-shirt and Army Boots, before you asked your question of the professor -- that is, when you opened your remarks with a meandering anecdote and then asked for the professor's "impressions" on the issue we'd spent the entire class canvassing, ensuring that he would reply at equal or greater length. You owe me that forty minutes.

#PreparingForMyFutureFail

Osgoode is now sending emails about articling opportunities for the 2011/12 year. :(

Clearly This is What I Did Wrong in August

interview cheat codes

A "Fun with QuickLaw" Thanksgiving

In 1578, English privateer and explorer Martin Frobisher held a formal ceremony in what would one day become the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. He and his crewmen gave thanks for their safe return from their journey north in search of the Northwest Passage. The search yielded nothing but 200 tons of Fool's Gold, which made the voyagers look quite the jackanapes upon their return to England; but at least they didn't have to eat one another, which is more than can be said for the Franklin Expedition.

431 years later, climate change has made Frobisher's dream of a Northwest Passage a reality, and we mark his success by observing Canadian Thanksgiving on the second Monday in October.

A LexisNexis^® Quicklaw™ search of (Thanksgiving) yielded a series of family law rulings dividing custody between parents on different holidays. Family break-up is hilarious and all, but The Other Half has mined this territory before. Searching for (Thanksgiving turkey) produced more promising results. Specifically,

Schell v. Truba [1989] S.J. No. 538.

The head note piques one's interest right off the bat:

Civil rights -- Torts -- Trespass -- False imprisonment -- Plaintiff being arrested by police officers -- Plaintiff suffering injuries -- Officers not informing him of his rights and not acting in good faith -- Plaintiff being granted $2,000 general damages plus special damages for false imprisonment, assault, arrest and subsequent personal injuries -- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s. 10 -- Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, ss. 25(1), 29(2), 101(1) -- Police Act, S.S. 1985, c. P-15, s. 19.

A civil action against a police officer! False imprisonment, with

injuries! General and special damages! Truly, we have much to be thankful for this holiday season.

We begin our odyssey in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, October 10th, 1986. Two armed robberies take place: one at Sylken Confectionery, the other at a Mr. Submarine franchise.

Already we have to stop. Clearly we are dealing with desperate people:

(a) nobody goes to Mr. Sub unless driven there by circumstance, and

(b) as everyone knows, Subway keeps more cash on the premises [Did Quizno's exist yet?].

Though the robbery is over in under a minute, the owner of Sylken Confectionery, "former alderman and well-known business man" Kenneth Dale McLeod, gets a look at his aggressor. The armed robber is described as 5'10" to 6" in height, with a mustache and long brown hair -- or, 1986. He has a nylon over his head. [At left: a composite of the suspect.]

Two days later, on Thanksgiving Day, Former Alderman McLeod watches a black Trans Am with Alberta plates cruise past Sylken Confectionery. The driver stares him down as he passes. When he reaches a nearby stop sign, he and his passenger get out of the vehicle and look back at Former Alderman McLeod again, as if to communicate to him, We robbed you of your delicious treats just days ago and now we've returned to besmirch the reputation of your underage daughter, or something of like effect.

Later, Former Alderman McLeod sees the same Trans Am in his store parking lot. Remember, it's 1986: a Trans Am owner is like the Pied Piper of underage female confectionery store employees. Fearing the worst, Former Alderman McLeod enters the store and regards its sole customer from the rear. He too is about 5'8" and resembles 1986. The customer turns around, and, appearing concerned [we can only assume he stroked his mustache while his eyes darted about], picks up his purchase and leaves.

The Alderman and his son pursue the Trans Am. We can speculate that they are driving an ice cream van which plays a merry tune. The ice cream van loses the Trans Am in the labyrinthine causeways of metropolitan Prince Albert. But good fortune! A black Trans Am with Alberta plates is spotted by police, parked at a residence nearby.

Naturally, the police establish a perimeter around the house with shotguns and bulletproof vests, and set about obtaining a search warrant. Among the police are officers Truba and Hunter, the defendants.

The police believe that the occupants of the house, known to them as Barry Remple and Bruce Padley, are responsible for the two recent robberies. (Spoiler: They are not.)

At this point His or Her Honour Sirois J. sets the scene:

Diagonally across the back alley from [the house occupied by Remple and Padley] a more festive atmosphere prevailed. At that home resided Florence Tolofson, her son, Tracy and one Ralph Sand. The day previously, on the 11th, her daughter Karen, her husband Bruce Allan Schell (the plaintiff), and their children came from Melfort to celebrate Thanksgiving with Florence. They slept at her place on Saturday night and an early Thanksgiving turkey [aha!] meal around 1:00 p.m. was planned for Sunday. As fate would have it, Florence Tolofson's stove was not functioning, so around 8 o'clock on Sunday morning she took the bird over to her daughter Marilyn's place ... to use her oven. At that house, the children were still in bed; Barry Remple and Bruce Padley (one of them a boyfriend of Marilyn -- both men strangers to Florence) were up and around. Marilyn and another sister Roxanne were due to return from Melfort for dinner.

The reader can easily imagine this sequence of events reenacted in grainy black-and-white on a true crime show. Ominous low notes would play.

So we've established the Thanksgiving connection -- but when do we get to the good stuff?

WELL.

The plaintiff realizing that he had left his purse [his purse, Your Honour? is the plaintiff will.i.am?] in the cubby hole of his own business truck also parked in front of Florence's house, went to retrieve it. A marked police vehicle driven by the defendant Hunter pulled up behind the truck. There are different versions of the conversation that took place between the two. Hunter says that he began talking by saying, "Good day" and asking the plaintiff who he was. The plaintiff answered Bruce Schell. Then Hunter told the plaintiff why he was there and that he was interested in the house he had just come from. The plaintiff, he said, seemed somewhat annoyed about the intrusion, and told him that he knew nothing about an armed robbery and that he had nothing more to say to him ...

Bru-u-u-uce! Why be belligerent to the police when you haven't done anything! Is it because you wanted your name to be preserved for the ages in the Saskatchewan Reports?

Hunter asked him if he would like to come with him to the police cruiser, to which the plaintiff asked if he was under arrest. When Hunter assured him that he was not, the plaintiff then said that he had nothing more to say to him and he entered the house. Thus ended their conversation.

Okay Bruce, you're not a complete wad. You have a surprisingly firm grasp of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms -- specifically, your right to be free from arbitrary detention -- for somebody in 1986. You're either a lawyer or a skid with some prior experience with detention by the authorities. I'm leaning toward the latter, but it's not because you're from Saskatchewan. It's because of what's about to transpire.

The police broaden their surveillance net to ensnare the "festive" neighbouring house. Florence Tolofson, seized by the spirit of the the holiday, decides to invite relative strangers Barry Remple and Bruce Padley to her table, just as centuries ago the Jesuits might have invited the Wyandot¹ to share in a bounty of fellowship and infectious European diseases. That analogy doesn't go too far, however, for in this case it's not the visitors who come to regret their gesture of friendship, but the hosts.

Per Florence's instructions, Bruce Schell and two other Tolofsons visit the Remple/Padley estate to invite their neighbours for dinner. The offer is accepted and the party heads for chez Tolofson. It is at this point that the police decide to execute their warrant.

Traversing the alley between the houses, Barry Remple, Bruce Padley and Bruce Schell are stopped by an unmarked patrol car driven by defendant Sergeant Truba. Truba gets out of the car and bids them halt. Bruce Schell informs Sgt. Truba that as he has "already spoken to a police officer" he will forbear from repeating the experience.

Sgt. Truba steps in front of Bruce and places a hand in the middle of his chest, apparently with the intention of frisking him. Words are exchanged. At least one F-bomb is lobbed at Sergeant Truba, who is shaken but unharmed. The barrage escalates to a shoving match.

As is often the case, the judge's ultimate ruling may be extrapolated from the language in his/her recitation of the facts:

At that moment, [co-defendant] Hunter who had come up from behind, jumped the plaintiff, pushed him to the ground with his face in the gravel with an arm lock around his neck. He pinned the plaintiff's other arm around his back. [Hunter] eventually got the handcuffs on [the plaintiff] with Truba's help and placed him in the patrol car. While on the ground, the plaintiff's face was red, he could not breathe and nearly passed out. The goings-on in the back alley attracted the attention of neighbours. The plaintiff's wife asked Sergeant Truba what was going on and he replied he did not have to tell her anything. The plaintiff, while on the ground beneath Hunter had the humiliation of seeing his wife and children staring at him in disbelief. He could not believe that this was happening to him.

Sergeant Truba is to be commended: nothing defuses a potentially explosive situation and alleviates a bystander's concerns like "I don't have to tell you anything". If he had worked in an "I am the law" and taken out his firearm might have been eligible for the Alonzo Harris Award for Community Fellowship.

Schell was taken to the police station, where he remained for five-and-a-half hours.

[Schell] willingly participated in a lineup. The photograph of the lineup ... is quite revealing. The plaintiff is number 2, while the two suspects, Remple and Padley are numbers 10 and 3. The plaintiff is clearly larger than either of the other two. The Tolofson brothers who accompanied the plaintiff in the back alley prior to the fracas are even larger than he is -- Ken weighs 255 pounds and measures 6 feet 3 inches; Tracy is 6 feet to 6 feet 1 inch and weights 210 pounds. They are huge. How either defendant could mistake them for the accused is difficult to fathom particularly in view of the fact that prior to setting out on the raid the police were given artist's composite drawings of the suspects ... . [T]hey were told that one of the suspects was a white male between 5 feet 8 inches to 6 feet in height, fairly thin build with blond collar-length hair and a mustache. That description hardly fits the plaintiff. Sergeant Truba said he was searching for a Luger. The bulge he saw in the plaintiff's jacket were consistent with his two hands in his pockets and nothing else -- certainly not with a 5" by 7" Luger. The plaintiff had no weapon on him and this was easily ascertained by Sergeant Truba when he frisked him.

The defence contends that the officers acted in good faith, and had reasonable and probable grounds for acting the way they did. According to s. 19 of the Police Act,

[No officer within the purview of the Act] shall be personally liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person by reason of anything in good faith done ... pursuant to or in the exercise or supposed exercise of the powers conferred by this Act or the regulations.

The plaintiff, however, relies on s. 29(2) of the Criminal Code, which says that anyone effecting an arrest has a duty "to give notice, where feasible, of

(a) the process or warrant under which he makes the arrest; or

(b) the reason for the arrest."

Moreover, s. 10(b) of the Charter provides that "Everyone has the right on arrest or detention to be informed promptly of the reasons therefor".

One instance when it might have been feasible to provide such notice might have been when Mr. Schell's face was in the gravel and he and his wife were asking why he was being arrested. But hey, hindsight, right?

Sirois J. is of the same mind. Without going into too much more detail, the trier of fact finds the following particularly egregious:

• spontaneous frisking of the plaintiff by Sgt. Truba;
• Officer Hunter grounding and arresting Mr. Schell after having already cleared the man of any wrongdoing; and
• the officers' failure to apprise themselves of relevant facts (and their blindness to the facts they had already ascertained) before jumping to a conclusion "which was entirely wrong and totally baseless".

In all, the officers' handiwork amounts to violations of sections 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the Charter -- the Charter Grand Slam!

So egregious was the officers' behaviour that the plaintiff was entitled to general damages in the amount of $2000 for shock and for injuries to his neck and arms, and another $1500 in special damages was warranted against the defendants for their having defended the charge.

Happy Thanksgiving!

¹ _{My browser thinks Wyandot is misspelled. For shame.}

Litigation: Not Just for Jerks (But It Helps)

The three best classes I've taken in the last three years:

3) Law and Literature

• No mystery here: 25-page literature essay and no exam, plus it's the only class in which I got an A+. Or an A, for that matter. As if I needed confirmation that I'm in the wrong racket.
• The workload was light: one or two short stories related to the practice of law and/or written by current or former legal practitioners. Authors ranged from Kafka to Atwood. My essay related to John Mortimer and the Rumpole series of serio-comic mysteries.
  
• I worked hard in this class, but I thought that I might fall into the trap of focusing hard on the thing I like the most, to the detriment of my other classes, so I strove to maintain a balance and not put off other things in favour of this. And I got a good mark in this and mediocre-to-bad marks in everything else anyway.
  

2) Ethics of Criminal Justice

• I'm not what you would call "ethical". (I would estimate that I've stolen 30GBs of music from the internet people in the last six weeks, not to mention numerous television shows and movies, most of which I haven't even listened to/watched. And I shoot defenseless creatures.) But this class was taught by a Toronto criminal law practitioner with a great deal of courtroom experience and a flair for hypothetical ethical dilemmas with no right answers.

  Q: "You've been forced to put your client on the stand (often a bad sign) and during cross-examination, he starts telling a story you've never heard before and that Your Friend is going to use to bury him. You're desperate to get him to shut his mouth. What do you do?"
  A: You can't do jack, of course, but my response, "Pull the fire alarm", made him laugh long and hard, which is why that particular question stayed with me. (... It was funnier in context.)

• Now he was in the right racket: his audience of would-be criminal lawyers would leave filled with dread one week, inspired and galvanized the next.
• The exam was a sprint: twelve questions in two hours, or one question per chapter of the textbook, with fifteen minutes to answer each question. I had sweated through my clothes by the end but I got a B+, which was (tied with) my best mark up to that point.

1) Trial Practice

• This one is ongoing, but it already seems like the most rewarding course for someone who might like to litigate (next to Evidence, which is a prerequisite). Taught by a dozen current or recent practitioners, it takes students through the trial process from opening to closing, with classes devoted to direct examination, introducing exhibits, qualifying expert witnesses, and cross-examining and impeaching witnesses. One day we cross-examined police witnesses played by actual TPS officers.
  
• It's pass/fail, which is too bad, because I think I might actually have gotten a good mark in it. But it wouldn't be fair, because in this class, unlike many classes, it's clear that there's a limit to what students can actually pick up -- some just have it and some don't. Which is fine: many, many people have no intention of litigating, and there are certainly other, arguably more effective (and definitely cheaper) ways of dispute resolution. But effective rhetoric, trial strategy and examination skills are definitely valuable assets even if you plan to do all your negotiating behind the scenes.
  
• I'm once again falling into the favesies trap, devoting way too much time to a pass/fail course only because I prefer the material over reading substantive law. Systematically destroying someone using only his or her own words is the most gratifying thing you can do in law school. Better still, the witness is one of your peers, and if you really shut him/her down, he/she will applaud you at the end.
  

Tetris Dreams

For a while in undergrad--and who am I kidding, most of law school--my in-class internet distraction of choice was online Tetris. My brother had the same affliction but he was a lot better at the game: his hand would hum over the arrow keys like Data piloting the Enterprise.

It got pretty bad. I had to get a Firefox add-on called LeechBlock to prevent me from accessing certain sites (see also: Websudoku, if you dare!)--and then a whole other program called Website Block to prevent me from switching to Internet Explorer to thwart the Firefox add-on. That I had installed myself. To make me more productive.¹

My Tetris-playing ended one night when I closed my eyes and found myself seeing irregular bricks raining down behind my eyelids. I imagined them piling up at the bottom of my vision. Frantically arranging falling blocks is no replacement for counting sheep.

All this to say that yesterday I spent all day, from 9:00 a.m. (at which point the dog is up, so I am up) until midnight, reading notes on Immigration Law, and cross-referencing them with the appropriate provisions of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and accompanying Regulations. And last night I dreamed in numbered paragraphs and sub-paragraphs.

* * * * *

¹ _{Unrelated: Clearly I am not one of the majority of people who doesn't know what a browser is. I have a lot invested in the browser war. I've now switched to Chrome because I have a small laptop monitor and the Chrome browser takes up the least screen real estate--and not a little because it doesn't have LeechBlock on it.}

Street Justice

Previous post reminded me of this, my favourite Toothpaste for Dinner comic. I wish I had it on a mug. If they sold that I would buy it.

Bored J.

You are like the Buzzing of Flies to Him!

I'm sitting in my Public International Law class right now. It is my third attempt to take a worthwhile class on international law and, after a month, seems poised to be almost as much a failure as the previous two.

My regular professor, Ikechi Mgbeoji, is away this week. The LL.M candidate lecturing in his place is a female version of Dr. Janosz Poha from Ghostbusters II.

It's fortunate that the lecture has a corresponding Power Point slideshow, because I have no idea what Janosz is talking about; probably how Vigo (the scourge of Carpathia and the sorrow of Moldavia) flaunted international custom. The girl sitting in front of me evidently can't follow along either, because she's copying pictures from fashion blogs and uploading them to her Tumblr for some reason.

O, girl who sits in front of me, you are perversely captivating: you look like a disaster, with your hair bleached too many times, until it has the texture of a horse's mane (or at least appears to--I'm not stroking it); with your grunge-y clothes and sloppy giant purse; with your indifference toward your lectures and your surroundings¹, manifested in frequent tardiness and a perpetual hunch; and yet--cumulatively these affectations compose a picture of wealth. How can this be? And how do I find your Tumblr?

But I didn't come here to ruminate on the elegance of my classmates; I came to learn about International Law, and as usual that seems less likely to occur with each passing moment.

Now I must gird myself to make a conspicuous departure.

¹ _{can't argue with you there}